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Elements of Music and Timing
by Skippy Blair

These are one-line definitions, condensed as an outline for teaching. They are expanded in the Dance Terminology Notebook by Golden State Dance Teachers Association.
With the exception of the 1st entry, everything below pertains to 4/4 time.
3/4 Time 3 quarter notes to a measure of music
4/4 Time 4 quarter notes to a measure of music
Accent Firm sound or move on one particular note or count
a Count The “count just before the beat
and Count The count just before the a count
Beat       1 quarter note of 4/4 time
Count     Includes the & and the a before the beats
Delayed Single Delays count 1 steps on 2 = 1 step on the upbeat
Double Rhythm
Steps on both the Downbeat and the Upbeat (2 steps)
Downbeat The 1st beat of a unit –1st & 3rd beat of a 4/4 measure
Half Note 1 note that equals 2 beats in 4/4 time
Major Phrase 4 sets of 8 or 6 sets of 8 in 4/4 time (or more)
Measure 4 beats of music in 4/4 time. Musicians count in measures
Melody The Tune -  the music line that follows the lyrics
Mini Phrase 4/4 time -  one set of 8 beats of music (3/4 time only 6 beats)
Minor Phrase 4/4 time = less than 4 sets of 8, but more than 1 set of 8
Note The symbol on sheet music that tells how long to hold a beat and
where it is on the  scale. Time Value
Pattern Count The number of beats of music in a specific pattern
Phrase Several sets of 8 that form a complete section of music
Pulsing Accenting the Upbeat or Downbeat continually
Quick Quick 2 steps or beats of music double rhythm
Quarter Note 1 beat of music in 4/4 time
Recurring Accent
Another name for Pulsing
Rhythms Single, Double, Triple, Blank & Delayed Single are Primary Rhythms
All Rhythms in 4/4 time are confined to 2 beats of music
Rhythm Breaks Repeating one rhythm over & over as a phrasing tool
Rhythm Pattern The Rhythm without direction
Single Rhythm One step only on the Downbeat
Slow An acceptable call for Single Rhythm (only)
Syncopated Rhythm A Rhythm that steps on the & or that counts in 2 beats
Syncopation Rearranging the weight changes, stepping on the & or a counts
Tempo The speed of the music (beets per minute)
Time Placement Where the Dancer places his/her steps in a Rhythm count “&a1-&a2
Time Value Notes a Musician uses to determine the duration of a sound
Timing Ability of a dancer to transfer to CPB on the beat of the music
Triple Rhythm 3 weight changes to 2 beats of music
Unit Smallest increment of Dance. 2 beats of music in 4/4 time
Upbeat In 4/4 time = 2nd beat in a Unit –2nd & 4th beat of a measure
Whole Note 1 note that equals 4 beats of music in 4/4 time  (Time Value)